We have reached the time of year when the weather warms and we venture outside to begin our spring clean up, gardening, and sport activities. This is a great time to discuss natural alternatives for chemical based insect repellents and pesticides.
Why natural alternatives to commercial based insect repellents?
DEET, N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide, is the most common active ingredient found in commercial insect repellents. Originally developed by the US Army as farm pesticide, DEET works by blocking an insect’s ability to smell. DEET also affects the central nervous (in insects and mammals) by inhibiting an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase. This enzyme is involved muscle control, and has been found to cause seizures. DEET is also a solvent and is capable of dissolving some plastics and other synthetic materials, but also natural materials like leather. Doesn’t sound like something you want to put on your skin does it? Picaridin is another synthetic insect repellent. Much less caustic than DEET, and unlike DEET, is not a solvent. Its toxicity is minimal according to the FDA, EPA, and WHO.
Instead of coating yourself with chemicals, why not make your own natural insect repellent with ingredients you can purchase in any health food store?
Herb essential oils with insecticide properties include cedar, lemon balm, perilla, various mints, feverfew, lavender, garlic, and eucalyptus. Oils such as vegetable, almond, grape seed or olive oil should be used as a carrier of the essential oils when making insect repellent for topical use on skin. For example, an insect repellent can be made with 30 drops of combined lemon balm, lavender, citronella, eucalyptus and rosemary essential oils (easily found in any health food store) mixed in one ounce of vegetable, olive, almond or grape seed oil and applied as needed. Dried herbs in sachets can be stored in cabinets and drawers to repel insects. Rosemary and lavender are especially good for this purpose. Add chamomile, thyme, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg and other herbs, as you like. Smudges can be made of cedar or other herbs that help repel insects.
INSECT SPECIFIC
Ants
Pour a line of cream of tartar, red chili powder or paprika; rub a fresh garlic clove or place dried peppermint leaves at the point of entry. Repeat as needed.
Chiggers
Bathe in very hot water within a few hours of exposure to decrease larval attachment. Rub mountain mint (Pycnanthemum spp.) on your legs prior to going into tall grass or woods. Put sulfur powder in your socks, shoes and pant cuffs to deter chiggers.
Cockroaches
Place bay leaves around cracks in the room, set out a dish of equal parts baking soda and powdered sugar, oatmeal flour and plaster of Paris, chopped bay leaves and cucumber skins, or crushed tobacco and water to repel cockroaches.
Fleas
Feed pets Brewer’s yeast, garlic tablets or B-vitamins and wash them regularly with herbal baths of fennel, rue or rosemary. You may also use a cedar bed, spray or smudge.
Flies
Hang bunches of insect repelling herbs or put vases of aromatic herbs on windowsills. Tansy is especially effective. You can also make a tea with any of the above herbs and spray it around windows, doors and plants. Homemade flypaper can be made by boiling equal parts of sugar, corn syrup and water and spreading the mixture onto strips of brown paper.
Mites
To keep mites out of flour, put 2-3 nutmegs, peeled elder shoots or bay leaves in the bin or bag.
Mosquitoes
Rub eucalyptus, fresh elder leaves, citronella, lavender or chamomile oils on the body and clothing. Repeat frequently for best results. Citronella repels mosquitoes but must be reapplied every hour to remain effective. You can also use a piece of flannel dipped in camphor-phenique to help clear the area or burn an herbal smudge or fragrant candle.
Moths
Use cedar chips, newspaper and dried lavender as a substitute for mothballs.
For Bites and Stings
Use chickweed tea or topical cream for itching. Topical peppermint oil, sandalwood oil, lemon balm oil, lavender oil, plantain, aloe, witch hazel, comfrey or jewel weed are useful for bites. Raw onion, lemon juice or vinegar on stings will relieve pain and itching. To remove a stinger and soothe a sting, put wet mud or a baking soda/water paste on the sting, allowing it to dry and then peel it off. Oatmeal, Epsom salt or baking soda soaks are helpful in all cases of skin irritation.
IN THE GARDEN
Insect Spray Concentrate
Crush 3 unpeeled garlic heads/bulbs; add to 3 oz. liquid paraffin in a small bowl. Let stand 24 hours. Melt 1 Tablespoon grated oil-based soap (such as Ivory Snow) in 2 cups hot water. Add soap mixture to garlic mixture. Strain into a glass jar and store in refrigerator. To use, dilute 4 Tablespoons in 4 pints water. Spray at least every two weeks.
Wormwood Spray
Simmer 8 oz. wormwood leaves in 3 pints water for 30 minutes. Stir, strain and allow cooling. Dissolve 1 teaspoon Ivory Snow in 2 cups hot water. Add to wormwood water. This spray is excellent for caterpillars.
Red Pepper Spray Concentrate
Chop 1 unpeeled onion and 1 unpeeled head/bulb of garlic. Add onion, garlic and 1 Tablespoon cayenne pepper to 3 pints water and simmer in a saucepan for 20 minutes. Cool and store in jars in the refrigerator for 6 weeks. Strain and store in jars. To use, dilute 1 Tablespoon of concentrate with 1-pint water. Add a little Ivory Snow. This is a good general insect spray and is effective against caterpillars.
For general application to our garden, we use organic Neem seed oil. We combine it with soapy water. It controls a wide variety of insects on houseplants, herbs, vegetables, nuts, fruit, flowers, trees, roses, lawns and shrubs. It is great for the organic gardener.
Since we are on the subject of gardens, I should also mention an all natural deer repellent. A big problem for our garden! It is called Bobbex and is made right here in Connecticut. Works great!
Resources
- www.altnature.com/library/repelling_insects.htm
- www.gardenguides.com/TipsandTechniques/herbal.htm
- Bove, Mary N.D. An Encyclopedia of Natural Healing for Children and Infants. Keats Publishing. 1996.
- Ody, Penelope. The Complete Medicinal Herbal. Dorling Kinserly. 1993.
- Tierra, Leslie. The Herbs of Life: Healing Using Western and Chinese Techniques.
- Pearson, David. The Natural House Book. Fireside/Simon & Schuster, Inc. 1989.